Componentes quentes no processo de fazer pesquisa qualitativa: subjetividades, reflexividade, emoções e compromisso com o outro
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Resumo
A realização de um estudo qualitativo confronta os pesquisadores, ou aqueles em processo de se tornarem pesquisadores, com múltiplos desafios relacionados não apenas ao conhecimento de diferentes metodologias e métodos de pesquisa (saber-fazer e saber-dizer), mas também aos aspectos subjetivos do pesquisador (emoções, personalidade, caráter, biografia e motivações). Assim, esses desafios exigem que os pesquisadores desenvolvam certas habilidades e competências, que se referem tanto ao conhecimento metodológico quanto às reflexões sobre suas próprias emoções e vulnerabilidades no campo, bem como lidar com a frustração e a incerteza na construção do processo de pesquisa. Considerando isso, reconhecemos que, quando se fala em formação de pesquisadores, costumamos dar maior ênfase à dimensão cognitiva estrita (conhecimento e técnica envolvidos no fazer), deixando de lado as formas de ser pesquisador, que incluem aspectos pessoais, interpessoais e emocionais. Por isso, neste artigo, decidimos nomear essas habilidades e competências sob a categoria de componentes quentes, pois se referem aos aspectos subjetivos do pesquisador, em contraste com as competências e habilidades que se referem a aspectos que tematizam questões relacionadas ao conhecimento que o pesquisador deve ter (componentes frios). Por meio de uma sistematização inicial de trabalhos anteriores de vários autores, caracterizamos essas habilidades, emoções, atributos e competências, refletindo sobre o lugar dos componentes quentes, não apenas no processo de fazer pesquisa, mas também no processo de se tornar um pesquisador qualitativo. Finalmente, destacamos a importância de investigar como os componentes de cordialidade são adquiridos ou desenvolvidos e propomos sua inclusão mais explícita no treinamento de futuros pesquisadores.
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